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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste; Embrapa Clima Temperado. |
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Data corrente: |
20/07/1995 |
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Data da última atualização: |
05/06/1998 |
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Autoria: |
CARDONA-ALVAREZ, C. |
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Título: |
Angular leaf spot of bean. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1956 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
University of Wisconsin,1956. |
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Páginas: |
50p. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Tese de doutorado. |
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Conteúdo: |
Angular leaf spot of bean is an important diease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It was observed in epidemic form for the first time in Wisconsin in 1954, where in certain fields as much as 50% loss was sustained. The present study was concerned with lost range, physiology and pathogenicity of the fungus, the mode of overwintering, the relation of environal conditions to disease development, and host parasite relations; The most pronouced symptom exhibited by Phaseolus vulgaris when infected with Isamopsis griseola is severe spotting on the leaves. Thes spots originate on the dorsal surface of the leaf and are limited by the veins and veinlets resulting in a characteristically angulas lesion. Yellowing and defoliation may result, under favorable conditions, starting with the lowest leaves. Pods are also regularly affected although less frequently than leaves. The fungus may invade stems and braches causing dark-colores lesions whicn increase in size along the axis of these organs. This is the first this type of infection is reported; In host range on several members of the leguminosae it was found that the fungus incited disease only on P. vulgaris and P. lunatus; Several single-cell isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity, and all isolates were found to be highly pathogenic on bean regardless of age of the plants and temperatur. The occurrence of the disease on senescent plants and the reports and reports of the fungus as a parasite on mature tissues only are not due to any physiologic effect of age of the host on infection but rather to other factors, namely, effect of the environment on the fungus, slow growth of the organism, and a prolonged incubation period; Physiological studies-showed that this pathogen is a slow growing organism. It grew slowly in a variety of media and the rate or growth could not be increased by the addition of vitamins, animo acids or plant leaf decoction to the media; Temperature studies showed rhat fungus is capable of growing at a range of 8.-28, but not at 32. or 36.C. There was always a increase in growtn with an increase in temperature up to an optium of 24. Spores germinated over a range of 4-36., germination was accelerated with an increase in temperature reaching an optimum at 24.C. Germination occurred not onlyfrom the end cells as previously reported (27) but from any cell of the spore; Studies of H-ion concentration on growth of the fungus, showed that is grows over a range of pH 3 to pH 9 with an optimun at pH 5 on honey peptone agar and pH 5 and 6 on potato dextrose agar supplemented with bean leaf juice; The disease developed over a temperature range of 16. to 28.C. with an optimum at 2h, No infection occured at 32. There was a longer incubation period an a longer period of defoliation at 16. than at 20., 24. and 28.; High humidity is essential for infection, coremial formation, and sporulation. Preinoculation moisture has little or no effect on infection and disease severity; Light intensity and duration was found to have almost no effect on infection and disease severety. However, there was a slight increase in severity of the disease in plants growing under 1 and 2 layers of cheesecloth as compared witn uncovered plants an plants covered with 3 cheesecloth layers. It was also found that different day lengths have very little effect on disease development, although plants receiving 12 hr. light daily were more severely attacked than those receiving 4, 8 or 16 hr. daylight; Overvintering studies showed that fungus is probably not seed or soil borne, but that it overwinters in the debris of previously infected plants. The form of the fungus in the debris may consist of viable overwintered spores and of fungus stromata on stems, branches and leaves; Fungus dissemination under greenhouse conditions was found to occur through spattering water, wind, wind-blown soil particles, water-carried particles and wind-blown water. The se methods of dissemination may be responsible for the spread of the disease under field conditions; Penetration occurs through stomata. Once infection is established the fungus progresses slowly in the lower epidemal cell and adjacent mesophyll cells. There seems to exist a physiological balance between host and parasite during the first 6-8 days of the incubation period. After this time the fungus ramifies through the host tissue both intercekkularly and intracellularly. In the later stages of infection cells collage and the fungus forms stromatic masses beneath the stromata coremia emerge through the stomata. Sporulation occurs at the tips of the coremial hyphae. MenosAngular leaf spot of bean is an important diease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It was observed in epidemic form for the first time in Wisconsin in 1954, where in certain fields as much as 50% loss was sustained. The present study was concerned with lost range, physiology and pathogenicity of the fungus, the mode of overwintering, the relation of environal conditions to disease development, and host parasite relations; The most pronouced symptom exhibited by Phaseolus vulgaris when infected with Isamopsis griseola is severe spotting on the leaves. Thes spots originate on the dorsal surface of the leaf and are limited by the veins and veinlets resulting in a characteristically angulas lesion. Yellowing and defoliation may result, under favorable conditions, starting with the lowest leaves. Pods are also regularly affected although less frequently than leaves. The fungus may invade stems and braches causing dark-colores lesions whicn increase in size along the axis of these organs. This is the first this type of infection is reported; In host range on several members of the leguminosae it was found that the fungus incited disease only on P. vulgaris and P. lunatus; Several single-cell isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity, and all isolates were found to be highly pathogenic on bean regardless of age of the plants and temperatur. The occurrence of the disease on senescent plants and the reports and reports of the fungus as a parasite on mature ... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Doencas; Fungos. |
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Thesagro: |
Doença; Feijão; Isariopsis Griseola; Mancha Angular. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 05125nam a2200205 a 4500
001 1241036
005 1998-06-05
008 1956 bl uuuu m 00u1 u #d
100 1 $aCARDONA-ALVAREZ, C.
245 $aAngular leaf spot of bean.
260 $aUniversity of Wisconsin$c1956
300 $a50p.
500 $aTese de doutorado.
520 $aAngular leaf spot of bean is an important diease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It was observed in epidemic form for the first time in Wisconsin in 1954, where in certain fields as much as 50% loss was sustained. The present study was concerned with lost range, physiology and pathogenicity of the fungus, the mode of overwintering, the relation of environal conditions to disease development, and host parasite relations; The most pronouced symptom exhibited by Phaseolus vulgaris when infected with Isamopsis griseola is severe spotting on the leaves. Thes spots originate on the dorsal surface of the leaf and are limited by the veins and veinlets resulting in a characteristically angulas lesion. Yellowing and defoliation may result, under favorable conditions, starting with the lowest leaves. Pods are also regularly affected although less frequently than leaves. The fungus may invade stems and braches causing dark-colores lesions whicn increase in size along the axis of these organs. This is the first this type of infection is reported; In host range on several members of the leguminosae it was found that the fungus incited disease only on P. vulgaris and P. lunatus; Several single-cell isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity, and all isolates were found to be highly pathogenic on bean regardless of age of the plants and temperatur. The occurrence of the disease on senescent plants and the reports and reports of the fungus as a parasite on mature tissues only are not due to any physiologic effect of age of the host on infection but rather to other factors, namely, effect of the environment on the fungus, slow growth of the organism, and a prolonged incubation period; Physiological studies-showed that this pathogen is a slow growing organism. It grew slowly in a variety of media and the rate or growth could not be increased by the addition of vitamins, animo acids or plant leaf decoction to the media; Temperature studies showed rhat fungus is capable of growing at a range of 8.-28, but not at 32. or 36.C. There was always a increase in growtn with an increase in temperature up to an optium of 24. Spores germinated over a range of 4-36., germination was accelerated with an increase in temperature reaching an optimum at 24.C. Germination occurred not onlyfrom the end cells as previously reported (27) but from any cell of the spore; Studies of H-ion concentration on growth of the fungus, showed that is grows over a range of pH 3 to pH 9 with an optimun at pH 5 on honey peptone agar and pH 5 and 6 on potato dextrose agar supplemented with bean leaf juice; The disease developed over a temperature range of 16. to 28.C. with an optimum at 2h, No infection occured at 32. There was a longer incubation period an a longer period of defoliation at 16. than at 20., 24. and 28.; High humidity is essential for infection, coremial formation, and sporulation. Preinoculation moisture has little or no effect on infection and disease severity; Light intensity and duration was found to have almost no effect on infection and disease severety. However, there was a slight increase in severity of the disease in plants growing under 1 and 2 layers of cheesecloth as compared witn uncovered plants an plants covered with 3 cheesecloth layers. It was also found that different day lengths have very little effect on disease development, although plants receiving 12 hr. light daily were more severely attacked than those receiving 4, 8 or 16 hr. daylight; Overvintering studies showed that fungus is probably not seed or soil borne, but that it overwinters in the debris of previously infected plants. The form of the fungus in the debris may consist of viable overwintered spores and of fungus stromata on stems, branches and leaves; Fungus dissemination under greenhouse conditions was found to occur through spattering water, wind, wind-blown soil particles, water-carried particles and wind-blown water. The se methods of dissemination may be responsible for the spread of the disease under field conditions; Penetration occurs through stomata. Once infection is established the fungus progresses slowly in the lower epidemal cell and adjacent mesophyll cells. There seems to exist a physiological balance between host and parasite during the first 6-8 days of the incubation period. After this time the fungus ramifies through the host tissue both intercekkularly and intracellularly. In the later stages of infection cells collage and the fungus forms stromatic masses beneath the stromata coremia emerge through the stomata. Sporulation occurs at the tips of the coremial hyphae.
650 $aDoença
650 $aFeijão
650 $aIsariopsis Griseola
650 $aMancha Angular
653 $aDoencas
653 $aFungos
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Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste (CPAO) |
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| 2. |  | ALVAREZ, C.; COSTANTINI, A.; ALVAREZ, C. R.; URQUIAGA, S.; JANTALIA, C. P. Emissiones de óxido nitroso bajo diferentes secuencias de cultivo y sistemas de labranza en la región semiárida pampeana -Argentina-. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 33., 2011, Uberlândia. Solos nos biomas brasileiros: sustentabilidade e mudanças climáticas: anais. [Uberlândia]: SBCS: UFU, ICIAG, 2011.| Tipo: Resumo em Anais de Congresso |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Agrobiologia. |
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| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Meio Ambiente; Embrapa Solos. |
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| Registros recuperados : 7 | |
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